Ethics Governance
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PROBLEM-BASED LEARNING: PROBLEM-BASED LEARNING: Using cases to teach about how to deal with Ethical problems by David M. Kaufman, M.Eng., Ed. D., Division of Medical Education, Dalhousie University; Member of NCEHR Communications & Education Committee Introduction his article discusses the use of cases in problem-based learning to teach about how to deal with ethical problems in research with human subjects. Problem-Based Learning The problem-based learning (PBL) approach in medical education began at McMaster University in the mid-1970s. According to Barrows and Tamblyn (1980): Problem-based learning is the learning that resultsfrom the process ofworking toward theunderstanding orresolution of a problem.The problem isencountered first in thelearning process (p.1). PBL is a teaching method that can be used in many formats, such as small-group tutorials, problem-based lectures, large-group case method discussion, and problem-based laboratories (Kaufman, 1995). However, it is used most commonly in small groups with a facilitator. The essence of the PBL method involves the three steps of: confronting the problem; engaging in independent study; and returning to the problem (Wilkerson & Feletti, 1989). The case study method was pioneered at the Harvard Business School (Christensen & Hansen, 1987). It may be considered as one form of PBL. The most common form of case study is a narrative of an actual event or situation in which learners and teachers examine, discuss and propose solutions to a realistic problem situation. The best case studies present a dilemma, or puzzle, that will elicit very different responses and suggestions for action. Good case studies have several attributes (Meyers & Jones, 1993). They are usually open-ended, that is, there are multiple possible solutions with no single "right answer". They tell a story and report the facts just as a news reporter should, that is, without interjecting bias and opinions into the story. Full Article: http://www.ncehr-cnerh.org/english/communique2/PBLearning.html |
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2006 Ethics-Governance.com |
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