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Online Ethics Center: Problems and Cases: New Directions in Ethics The Online Ethics Center for Engineering and Science Problems and Cases: New Directions in Ethics 1980-1996* by Caroline Whitbeck This article first appeared in Professional Ethics 5:3 (Fall 1996 issue). 3-16. New Trends in Philosophical Ethics Assessing Behavior in Context Cases, Casuistry and Case Methods Dilemmas and Decision Problems Problems as Experienced by Agents Footnotes Ethical discussion has taken an increasingly practical turn in recent decades, and in the 1990s has provided new ground for the development of areas of practical ethics, such as research ethics. Now, more often than not, inquiry starts with specific situations posing ethical issues. Increasing recognition is given to the complex ethical presuppositions and commitments implicit in the practices of communities and social groups. Ethics does not await the scholar to introduce it. New Trends in Philosophical Ethics The first element in this new view of ethics is the recognition that, as Annette Baier put it, ethical understanding is a cultural product.1 Therefore, scholars may contribute to reflection that develops ethical understanding, but should not presume to construct that understanding. This major insight began to influence philosophical ethics in the 1980s, after many decades in which an abstract view of ethics dominated. That abstract view had taken for granted that in all intellectual endeavors the achievement of a perspectiveless view-the "view from nowhere" 2 as Thomas Nagel put it- is the pinnacle of rationality; reasoning in philosophical ethics was represented as akin to deductive logic. Today this view that has been explicitly rejected by many, who have given renewed attention to what Seyla Benhabib calls the "situated self."3 By the 1970s philosophical ethics had become considerably less abstract than in the previous two decades. Recognition of the need for more ethical discussion in such domains as medicine and nursing had given rise to bioethics. Full Article: http://onlineethics.org/essays/education/probcase.html?text |
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