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| Article - Abstract. To view full article click on the article title. | |
eMJA: Cregan, Surgery in the Information Age Surgery in the Information Age Currently, surgical procedures involve direct data flows of sensation and mechanical output. As information technology progresses, surgery will change to a system of electronic data flows, with technical, ethical, and training implications. Patrick Cregan MJA 1999; 171: 514-516 Currently, a surgical procedure is a direct human-to-human process in which sensory input and mechanical output data flow directly between patient and surgeon (Box 1). Procedures are usually taught using human or animal models and the utility of the procedure and the surgeon's ability are measured predominantly by patient outcomes. However, new technologies in which computing, graphics, robotics, telecommunications and touch converge are changing all this. A surgical procedure will become a flow of electronic data: sensory input will be transmitted electronically to the surgeon, the surgeon's responses and actions will be converted to electronic data, and then translated back to mechanical intervention at the patient. Electronic sensory input The application of television to surgery was the basis for the revolution in laparoscopic cholecystectomy and similar advances in arthroscopic and other endoscopic surgical techniques (Box 2). With these techniques, the surgeon receives and responds to electronic data. Not only vision but other sensory input data -- force feedback sensation, touch and proprioception -- can be relayed locally or at a distance in real time.1,2 "Telesmell" is under development;3 currently about 30 smells can be rendered via an electronic interface. Full Article: http://www.mja.com.au/public/issues/171_10_151199/cregan/cregan.html |
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2006 Ethics-Governance.com |
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